The MARLINS Test (Maritime & Language International Standards) is one of the most widely recognised English proficiency assessments for seafarers worldwide. Developed specifically for the maritime industry, it evaluates the English skills that officers and ratings need to perform their duties safely at sea. Unlike general language tests such as IELTS or TOEFL, the MARLINS test focuses exclusively on maritime contexts — from bridge communications to cargo operations and emergency procedures.
Shipping companies, crewing agencies, and flag state administrations use MARLINS results to verify that seafarers meet the English communication standards required by STCW conventions and the ISM Code. A strong MARLINS score can open doors to better vessels, higher-ranking positions, and international employment opportunities.
What Is the MARLINS Test?
MARLINS stands for Maritime & Language International Standards. The test was developed by the UK-based maritime organisation MARLINS Ltd and has been used by the shipping industry for over 30 years. It assesses English language skills of seafarers in real maritime situations — not in academic or everyday contexts — making it uniquely relevant to on-board communication needs.
The test is computer-based and can be taken at approved testing centres worldwide or remotely through online proctoring. Results are expressed as a percentage score from 0 to 100. Most employers consider a score of 70% or above to be satisfactory for working on board.
MARLINS Test Structure
Section 1: Reading Comprehension
This section tests your ability to understand written maritime texts — SMCP (Standard Marine Communication Phrases) messages, cargo plans, checklists, safety notices, and official documents. You answer multiple-choice questions about the content and meaning of these texts. Strong reading skills are essential because officers must interpret technical documentation accurately every day at sea.
Section 2: Grammar and Vocabulary
This section evaluates your knowledge of English grammar and maritime vocabulary. Questions cover verb tenses, prepositions, modal verbs (shall/must/should as used in SMCP), word order, and specialist terminology. Maritime vocabulary includes terms related to ship types, navigational instruments, cargo handling, mooring equipment, and emergency situations. A broad maritime vocabulary is fundamental to clear and safe communication.
Section 3: Listening Comprehension
In the listening section, you hear recordings of maritime radio communications, VHF exchanges, GMDSS distress calls, port authority instructions, and bridge team discussions. You answer questions about what you heard. This section is particularly important for watch officers who must understand VTS (Vessel Traffic Services) and coast guard instructions correctly, even in poor radio conditions or when the speaker has a strong accent.
Section 4: Writing
The writing section asks you to compose short texts such as a log entry, a defect report, an accident report, or a crew message. You are assessed on grammar accuracy, vocabulary range, coherence, and correct use of maritime formats and conventions. Written communication matters greatly when seafarers must report incidents, document cargo condition, or correspond with port agents.
MARLINS Scoring System
MARLINS results are expressed as percentages. While there is no single universal pass mark, the following benchmarks are widely accepted across the industry:
- Below 50%: Insufficient English for safe maritime duties — further study required before employment.
- 50–64%: Basic level — acceptable for ratings and some shore roles, but limited for officer positions.
- 65–74%: Working proficiency — meets minimum STCW requirements for most officer ranks.
- 75–84%: Good level — suitable for senior officer positions and international trading vessels.
- 85% and above: Excellent — demonstrates advanced maritime English, often required for master and chief officer roles on prestigious fleets.
Many leading shipping companies set their own internal thresholds. Major employers typically require 70–75% for deck and engine officers serving on internationally trading vessels.
MARLINS vs CES: Key Differences
Both MARLINS and CES (Crew Evaluation System by Seagull AS) are widely used maritime English tests, but they differ in important ways:
- Developer: MARLINS Ltd (UK) vs Seagull AS (Norway).
- Sections: MARLINS includes a dedicated writing section; CES focuses on reading, listening, and vocabulary.
- Format: Both are computer-based; MARLINS is also available as a proctored online exam.
- Scale: Both use a 0–100% score; interpretation varies by employer and crewing pool.
- Regional use: CES is more common in Eastern European and Ukrainian crewing pools; MARLINS is preferred by many British, European, and South-East Asian shipping companies.
6-Step Plan to Pass the MARLINS Test
Step 1: Master SMCP (Standard Marine Communication Phrases)
The IMO SMCP is the foundation of maritime English. It covers phrases used for ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communications, safety messages, navigational warnings, and distress procedures. Memorise the standard phrases and understand when and how to use them. MARLINS tests almost always include SMCP-based reading and listening questions.
Step 2: Build Your Maritime Vocabulary
Create vocabulary lists by category: bridge equipment, engine room machinery, cargo types, deck fittings, navigational terms, safety equipment, and official maritime documents. Use flashcard apps and maritime glossaries. The more vocabulary you know in context, the easier the grammar and reading sections become.
Step 3: Practise Listening to Real Radio Communications
Find recordings of VHF radio conversations, NAVTEX messages, and GMDSS drills on YouTube and maritime training platforms. Practise transcribing what you hear and answering comprehension questions. Pay attention to accents — MARLINS listening recordings often feature speakers from multiple nationalities representing the diverse global maritime workforce.
Step 4: Practise Writing Maritime Documents
Write practice log entries, accident reports, near-miss reports, and handover notes. Follow standard maritime formats and check your grammar carefully. Focus on using modal verbs correctly (must, shall, should) as these appear frequently in maritime writing. Ask a teacher or experienced colleague to review your drafts.
Step 5: Take Timed Practice Tests
Work through sample MARLINS questions available through authorised centres and maritime training providers. Practise under timed conditions — the real test has a strict time limit. Identify your weak sections and concentrate remaining study time there specifically.
Step 6: Consolidate in the Final Week
In the week before your test, review vocabulary lists, re-read key SMCP sections, and listen to maritime radio daily. Avoid cramming new material — focus on reinforcing what you already know. Make sure you are fully familiar with the test format and timing so there are no surprises on test day.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Neglecting the writing section: Many candidates focus on reading and listening but skip writing practice. Writing often has the lowest average scores, so improving it can significantly raise your total result.
- Translating mentally: Thinking in your native language and translating slows you down and increases errors. Train yourself to think directly in English using maritime contexts.
- Misusing modal verbs: The difference between shall, must, should, and may is critical in maritime English. Learn the SMCP definitions and usage rules thoroughly.
- Ignoring diverse accents: The listening section features speakers from various countries. Regular exposure to different English accents will help you understand recordings more easily.
Prepare for the MARLINS Test with Sea Service
At Sea Service we have helped hundreds of seafarers improve their MARLINS scores significantly. Our courses are taught by maritime professionals who know exactly what examiners look for and where candidates typically lose marks. We offer preparation programmes covering all four test sections, with special emphasis on the writing section and advanced maritime vocabulary that will help you on board as well as in the exam room.
«After three weeks of preparation with Sea Service I raised my MARLINS score from 58% to 81%. The writing practice made the biggest difference.»
— Oleksandr D., Second Officer
Ready to improve your MARLINS score? Explore our courses and start your preparation today.